Welcome to Aceh - Visit Aceh Indonesia
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| Welcome to Aceh - Visit Aceh Indonesia - Foto by Arry Fridiansyah |
Welcome to Aceh - Visit Aceh Indonesia
Aceh, special region (1980 pop. 2,875,634), 21,387 sq mi (55,392 sq km), N Sumatra, Indonesia, formerly known as Atjeh or Achin. The capital and largest city is Banda Aceh. The northernmost province of Sumatra, Aceh has rich petroleum and natural gas deposits as well as valuable rubber, oil palm, and timber resources. The Acehnese, like most Indonesians, are Muslim, but are generally more conservative. Gunung Leuser National Park is in SE Aceh.
A kingdom in N Sumatra is recorded by the 6th-cent. A.D. Chinese.
By the 8th cent. Islam had arrived, and a number of Muslim kingdoms and
sultanates were subsequently established in the region. Aceh (Achin) reached
the height of its power in the early 17th cent. The Dutch gained control of the
coast in 1873 and engaged in a partly successful effort to subdue the interior
until c.1910.
Aceh also resisted Indonesian control and in 1959 was designated a
special region with autonomy in religion, culture, and education. Late in 1976
the Movement for a Free Aceh (GAM) declared the province independent but was
suppressed; guerrilla warfare resumed in the late 1980s and continued through
the rest of the century.
A peace agreement providing for greater Acehnese autonomy
was signed in 2002, but with neither side willing to compromise, Indonesia
ended the subsequent talks in 2003, imposed martial law (reduced to a state of
emergency in 2004 and ended in 2005), and launched new attacks against the
rebels.
Many coastal areas in Aceh were devastated by an intense offshore
earthquake and resulting tsunami in Dec., 2004; some 166,000 died in the
province. In the aftermath, the rebels and government held a series of talks
aimed at ending the fighting. A new peace accord, calling for the rebels to
disarm, government forces to be reduced, and for local self-government to be
established in Aceh, was signed in Aug., 2005.
Some 15,000 people are believed
to died as a result of the conflict. An autonomy law for Aceh was passed by the
Indonesian parliament in 2006, but some Acehnese criticized it for provisions
that left the central government with more powers in Aceh than had been
envisioned by the peace agreement. In Dec., 2006, Irawandi Yusuf, a former GAM
rebel, was elected governor.
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